Table 3.
Global analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) for different groups of ticks at different hierarchical levels
| Clusters | Hierarchy | Variance components | Percentage variation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (all R. appendiculatus populations) | 1 | Among populations | 56.82 |
| Within populations | 43.18 | ||
| Cattle vs cattle-wildlife and wildlife R. appendiculatus populations | 2 | Among groups | 14.91 |
| Among populations within groups | 35.38 | ||
| Within populations | 49.71 | ||
| Cattle vs wildlife only R. appendiculatus populations | 2 | Among groups | 3.88 |
| Among populations within groups | 47.82 | ||
| Within populations | 48.30 | ||
| Cattle-wildlife vs wildlife R. appendiculatus populations | 2 | Among groups | -4.96 |
| Among populations within groups | 12.91 | ||
| Within populations | 92.05 | ||
| Field vs laboratory R. appendiculatus populations | 2 | Among groups | -1.43 |
| Among populations within groups | 57.28 | ||
| Within populations | 44.15 | ||
| Cattle vs cattle-wildlife vs. wildlife R. appendiculatus populations | 3 | Among groups | 4.94 |
| Among populations within groups | 42.69 | ||
| Within populations | 52.37 | ||
| Haplogroup A vs haplogroup B (between the two major R. appendiculatus haplogroups) | 2 | Among populations | 90.80 |
| Within populations | 9.30 |
Clusters were based on a priori groupings of sampling localities. Cattle R. appendiculatus populations were collected directly from cattle or pastures grazed by cattle only. Cattle vs. cattle-wildlife and wildlife refers to populations collected from areas grazed by cattle versus a combination of populations from pastures co-grazed by cattle and wildlife and areas grazed by wildlife. Cattle vs wildlife only R. appendiculatus populations refer to ticks collected from areas grazed by cattle versus those collected areas grazed by wildlife only. Cattle-wildlife vs wildlife populations refer to populations from areas co-grazed by both cattle and wildlife versus wildlife only populations. Field vs laboratory R. appendiculatus populations refers to all R. appendiculatus ticks collected from field localities versus laboratory R. appendiculatus. Haplogroup A vs haplogroup B was between the two major R. appendiculatus haplogroups identified by ML and MJ network