Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2015 Sep 18;2:131–142. doi: 10.2147/JHC.S81309

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2015 Abdel-Wahab et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

PMC Copyright notice

Roles of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in cancer development.

Abbreviations: IGFBP, IGF binding protein; IGF-IR, IGF-I receptor; MMP-9, matrix metallopeptidase-9; uPAR, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases; ECM, extracellular matrix; SOS, son of sevenless; GRB2, Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; SHC, src homology/α-collagen related protein; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.