Table 1.
Mechanism of action | Preclinical | Clinical | References |
---|---|---|---|
Oncolysis | – Selective infection and killing of tumor cells demonstrated in vitro and in vivo | – Selective infection of tumor cells following intratumoral administration or intravenous infusion | Breitbach et al;17 Kim et al;2 Parato et al;5 Park et al18 |
Active immunotherapy | – Protective antitumor immunity induced – Complement-dependent cytotoxicity demonstrated; serum transfer exhibits antitumor activity in virus naïve rabbits |
– Inflammatory response detected in tumors – Complement-dependent cytotoxicity demonstrated in patient serum from Phase I and Phase II trials |
Heo et al;26 Hwang et al;24 Kim et al;25 Kirn et al;22 Mastrangelo et al23 |
Antivascular | – VEGF and FGF-2 driven infection of endothelial cells – I nfection of tumor-associated vasculature in vivo – Functional reduction in tumor blood flow |
– Infection of tumor-associated endothelial cells – Acute reduction in tumor perfusion detected by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging |
Breitbach et al27 |
Abbreviations: FGF-2, fibroblast growth factor 2; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.