Table 2.
Herpes simplex virus
| Virus | Mechanism | In vitro | In vivo | Delivery route | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recombinant | |||||
| G207 | HSV-1 gene disruption of ICP6 + LacZ gene | ECs sensitive to replicative and cytotoxic effects Disrupts endothelial cell tubes |
Matrigel plug assay: ⇓ Vessel perfusion Rhabdomyosarcoma: ⇓ Tumor vasculature |
IT | 120 |
| Armed | |||||
| RAMBO | Expression of vasculostatin under the control of IE4/5 | ⇓ EC migration ⇓ Tube formation |
Glioma xenografts: ⇓ Reduction in tumor vascular volume fraction and MVD |
IT | 70 |
| bG47Δ-PF4 | Expression of soluble platelet factor-4 | ⇓ Migration ⇑ EC apoptosis |
Glioma xenografts Murine MPNSTs: ⇓ Tumor growth and ⇓ MVD |
IT | 69 |
| rQT3 | HSV-1 expressing TIMP-3 | Efficient EC replication and cytotoxic effects | Neuroblastoma xenografts: MPNST xenografts ⇓ Tumor growth and MVD ⇓ CEP recruitment to tumor site |
IT | 71 |
| NV1042 | HSV carrying the murine IL-12 gene | CM of virus infected SCCs | Murine SCC model: ⇓ Tumor growth ⇓ Tumor MVD |
IT | 121 |
| ⇓ ECs tube formation | ⇑ Levels of IFN-γ and IFN-inducible protein 10 | ||||
| T-TSP-1 | HSV expressing human TSP-1 | N/A | Gastric cancer xenografts: ⇓ CD31 staining in tumors |
IT | 68 |
| VAE | HSV F expressing Endo–Angio fusion protein | N/A | Glioma xenografts; ⇓ Tumor MVD ⇓Tumor growth |
IT | 73 |
| Combination | |||||
| G47Δ-mAngio + G47Δ-mIL12 | G47Δ viruses expressing murine angiostatin and IL-12 | ⇓ EC tube formation | Glioma xenografts: ⇑ Tumor virus distribution ⇓ Tumor VEGF ⇓ Tumor MVD |
IT | 74 |
| G207 + hrR3 + erlotinib | HSV-1 mutant vectors EGFR TKI | EC cytotoxicity andviral replication | MPNST xenografts: Tumor EC targeting ⇓ Pro-angiogenic gene expression ⇓ Tumor MVD ⇑ Antitumor effects |
IT | 76 |
| cRGD + HrR3 | Angiostatic peptide Mutant HSV-1 vector |
N/A | Rat glioma: ⇓ Tumor vascular permeability ⇑ Survival |
IT | 78 |
| HF10 + bevacizumab | Mutant HSV-1 strain HF Anti-VEGF monoclonal Ab | N/A | Breast cancer xenografts: ⇑ Tumor virus distribution ⇓ MVD ⇑ Antitumor effects |
IT | 77 |
| NV1042 + vinblastine | oHSV secreting IL-12+ MDA | ⇓ EC tube formation | Prostate cancer xenografts; ⇓ CD31 staining in tumors ⇓ Tumor burden |
IT | 75 |
Abbreviations: Angio, angiostatin; CEP, circulating endothelial progenitor; ECs, endothelial cells; MPNSTs, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor; Endo, endostatin; HSV-1, Herpes simplex virus type 1; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; IT, intratumoral; MDA, microtubule disrupting agent; MVD, microvessel density; N/A, not applicable; PF4, platelet factor-4; TIMP-3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, VEGF receptor; ⇑, increased; ⇓, decreased.