Table 5.
Measles virus
| Virus | Mechanism | In vitro | In vivo | Delivery route | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Targeted | |||||
| MV-ERV | MV displaying echistatin | Infects and ⇓ EC tube formation Infects newly formed blood vessels in chorioallantoic membrane assays |
Multiple myeloma tumors; ⇓ Tumor volume |
IT | 105 |
| MV-RGD MV-echistatin | MV displaying RGD and echistatin peptides as C-terminal extensions of MV-H protein | N/A | Infection of neovessels in ear pinna angiogenesis model and CAM assays Myeloma xenografts: MV-N colocalizes with CD31+ cells |
IV | 106 |
| MV-h-uPA MV-m-PA |
MV-Edm fully retargeted against human or murine uPAR | Efficiently infects and replicates in VEGF stimulated ECs Infects endothelial capillaries |
Breast cancer MV-N colocalizes with CD31+ cells |
IV | 107 |
| Armed | |||||
| MV-E:A | Expression of Angio and Endo | CM of infected cancer ⇓ EC tube formation ⇓ ECs migration |
Medulloblastoma xenografts: ⇓ Tumor microvessels |
IT | 110 |
| MV-mIFN-β | Expression of murine IFN-β | N/A | Mesothelioma xenografts: ⇓ Tumor MVD (CD31) |
IT | 111 |
Abbreviations: Angio, angiostatin; EC, endothelial cell; Endo, endostatin; IFN-β, interferon beta; IT, intratumoral; IV, intravenous; MV, measles virus; MVD, microvessel density; N/A, not applicable; CAM, chick chorioallantoic membrane; uPA, urokinase plasminogen activator; uPAR, urokinase receptor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; ⇓, decreased.