Table 3.

Practice indicator distribution and bivariate association with sample characteristics

Characteristic	n	Mean	SD	Bivariate pa	Multivariable (n = 530) pb
Personal characteristics
Age (years)				.043*
30–39	113	2.28	0.76
40–49	208	2.20	0.83		.485
50–65	236	2.04	0.89		.137
Sex				.021*	.110
Male	323	2.07	0.87
Female	244	2.23	0.82
Race				.050	—
White/Caucasian	423	2.18	0.82
Other	138	2.00	0.91
Ethnicity				.570	—
Hispanic or Latino	33	2.06	0.86
Not Hispanic or Latino	518	2.14	0.84
Clinical specialty				<.001**	.047*
Family Physician	383	2.05	0.86
Obstetrics/Gynecology	191	2.32	0.81
Practice characteristics
No. of physicians				.572	—
1	135	2.09	0.83
2–15	370	2.15	0.86
16+	62	2.21	0.81
No. of specialties				.360	—
Single	424	2.15	0.84
Multiple	124	2.17	0.84
Other	17	1.82	1.01
Type				.021*	.027*
Private practice	409	2.20	0.81
Other	157	2.00	0.91
Location				.386	—
Urban	156	2.04	0.89
Suburban	291	2.19	0.83
Rural	110	2.17	0.83
Other	6	2.00	0.89
Region				.162	—
Northeast	106	2.20	0.87
Midwest	149	2.25	0.79
South	189	2.10	0.86
West	116	2.03	0.86
Patient characteristics
Patient payment method
Private insurance				.007**	.154
0–50% of patients	269	2.04	0.87
51–100% of patients	284	2.24	0.81
Patient race (majority)				.046*	.247
Non-Hispanic White	422	2.19	0.82
Other	146	2.01	0.89

^aA Wilcoxon Rank Test was performed for variables with two levels. A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed for variables with more than two levels.

^bMultivariable analysis was performed using regression.

— Variable not included in the multivariable model due to lack of statistical significance in the bivariate analyses.

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01