Table 3.
Multivariate associations between self-reported traffic intensity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (logistic regression)
| Sample size (n = 513) | P-value | OR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-reported traffic intensity | |||
| low | ref. | 1.00 | . |
| moderate | 0.836 | 1.15 | (0.30, 4.45) |
| high | 0.533 | 1.40 | (0.48, 4.07) |
| Age (continuous) | <0.001 | 1.06 | (1.03, 1.09) |
| Gender: Female (ref. “male”) | 0.012 | 0.29 | (0.11, 0.76) |
| Ethnicity: Non-Bulgarian (ref. “Bulgarian”) | 0.566 | 1.48 | (0.39, 5.70) |
| Body mass index (continuous) | 0.003 | 1.15 | (1.05, 1.25) |
| Family history of T2DM: Yes (ref. “no”) | 0.054 | 2.39 | (0.98, 5.80) |
| Noise sensitivity (continuous) | 0.324 | 1.48 | (0.68, 3.22) |
| Air pollution annoyance (continuous) | 0.522 | 1.08 | (0.85, 1.39) |
| Noise annoyance (continuous) | 0.340 | 0.89 | (0.69, 1.14) |
| Bedroom location: Noisy façade (ref. “quiet side”) | 0.028 | 3.35 | (1.14, 9.87) |
| Sleep disturbance (continuous) | 0.019 | 1.22 | (1.03, 1.44) |
| Pack-years of smoking (continuous) | 0.550 | 0.99 | (0.97, 1.02) |
Note. ref. = Reference category, T2DM = Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Model is based on 50 imputed datasets, Average Nagelkerke R2 = 0.39, Post-hoc power is 0.15 for “high traffic exposure” (specifications: Two tails, α = 0.05, binomial distribution, 6.9% prevalence of T2DM, n = 513, R2 with other covariates = 0.2)