Table 2.
Sources | Valuesa, mean ± SD | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
All (n = 115) | Staff (n = 65) | Patient’s families (n = 50) | ||
Alarms | 4.9±2.1 (2.8-7.0) | 5.8±1.6 (4.2-7.4) | 3.8±2.1 (1.7-5.9) | <0.001 |
Medical equipment | 4.7±2.1 (2.6-6.8) | 5.5±1.8 (3.7-7.3) | 3.7±2.0 (1.7-5.7) | <0.001 |
Environmental noise | 3.7±2.0 (1.7-5.7) | 4.5±1.8 (2.7-6.3) | 2.7±1.8 (0.9-4.5) | <0.001 |
Pagers | 2.5±1.5 (1.0-4.0) | 3.8±1.4 (2.4-5.2) | 1.7±1.2 (0.5-2.9) | <0.001 |
Staff conversations | 3.8±2.4 (1.4-6.2) | 5.2±1.9 (3.3-7.1) | 2.0±1.6 (0.4-3.6) | <0.001 |
Telephones | 2.7±1.6 (1.1-4.3) | 3.5±1.5 (2.0-5.0) | 1.6±1.1 (0.5-2.7) | <0.001 |
Family conversations | 2.4±1.6 (0.8-4.0) | 2.9±1.6 (1.3-4.5) | 1.7±1.4 (0.3-3.1) | <0.001 |
Television/radio | 2.0±1.5 (0.5-3.5) | 2.6±1.7 (0.9-4.3) | 1.4±0.9 (0.5-2.3) | <0.001 |
aNoise values range from 1 to 8 on the Likert scale, with 1 being the lowest and 8 being the highest amount, SD = Standard deviation