Table 3.

CES-D and GPA scores in males and females

CES-D	Males	Females	P
No overt depression (%) (n)	41.5 (90)	29.1 (69)	<0.01
Depressive symptoms (%) (n)	58.5 (127)	70.9 (168)
GPA: score/4, mean ± SD (n)	2.65±0.61 (181)	2.80±0.61 (156)	<0.05

Notes: Chi-square test was used to compare CES-D categories between males and females; independent sample t-test was used to compare mean GPA score between the two sexes.

Abbreviations: CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; GPA, grade point average; SD, standard deviation.