Fig. 5.

Curcumin improved insulin resistance in the liver of HFD-fed mice. Blood of HFD-fed mice was collected at regular intervals for glucose after the administration of 2 g kg⁻¹ glucose. A: Glucose concentrations within 2 h after glucose load and AUC were calculated. The results are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 10). Hepatocytes were incubated with PA-stimulated AT-CM for 24 h. PKCε translocation (B) and insulin-mediated Akt phosphorylation (C) in hepatocytes were detected by Western blot. D: Hepatic glucose production in the presence of pyruvate and insulin (n = 6). Hepatocytes were incubated with AT-CM derived from chow- or HFD-fed mice for 24 h. Akt phosphorylation (E) and induction for G6Pase-α and PCK1 (F) in the presence of insulin were detected by Western blot. The results are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 versus model; ^#P < 0.05 versus control.