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Simple pictorial representation of sex-specific pathophysiology of angina. Varied mechanisms include: (a) Endothelial dysfunction of coronary artery; (b) coronary artery spasm; (c) focal luminal narrowing of coronary artery (obstructive coronary artery disease, coronary artery dissection, myocardial bridging); and (d) diffuse narrowing of microvessels (< 300 μm) causing microvascular dysfunction (structural, functional or autonomic mismatch).
