Table 5. Progesterone modulation of Δ⁹-THC-induced effects.

Subjects	Treatment	Outcomes	References
Adult ovariectomized or sham- ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats	E2 replacement or blank capsule controls (SC implants) immediately after ovariectomy; P (500 μg, SC) or vehicle every 3 days, beginning 4 days after ovariectomy; Δ9-THC (30 mg/kg, IP) or vehicle twice daily for 6.5 days, with the final dose administered 30 minutes before tolerance testing session. Rimonabant (10 mg/kg, IP) or vehicle were administered 4 hours later, 5 minutes before dependence testing session	P enhanced tolerance to Δ9-THC-induced locomotor suppression in ovariectomized female rats; P enhanced Rimonabant-induced sniffing in chronic Δ9-THC-treated female rats.	[46]
Adult ovariectomized or sham- ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats	E2 replacement or blank capsule control (SC implants) immediately after ovariectomy; daily P (500 μg, SC) or vehicle, beginning 4 days after ovariectomy; acute Δ9cumulative dosing of Δ9-THC (1.8-32.0 mg/kg, IP) 15 mins before testing session	P enhanced Δ9-THC-induced nociception in ovariectomized female rats.	[48]

Note: Abbreviations: Δ⁹-THC, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; E2, estradiol; IP, intraperitoneal (injection); μg, micrograms; mg/kg, milligrams per kilogram; P, progesterone; SC, subcutaneous (injection).