Table 1. Patient characteristics and anemia variables, by region.
| Measure | China (n = 1,379) | Japan (n = 1,586) | North America (n = 5,100) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Age, years | 59.4±14.6 | 64.7±12.0 | 62.9±15.1 |
| Female, % | 46.6 | 37.3 | 44.5 |
| Vintage, years | 4.8±4.6 | 8.5±7.5 | 4.0±4.2 |
| Urine output >1 cup/day, %a | 62.0 | 50.8 | 46.7 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.9±3.5 | 21.1±3.3 | 28.5±7.0 |
| Standardized, Kt/Vb | 2.03±0.41 | 2.14±0.25 | 2.25±0.26 |
| Sessions per week | 2.76±0.55 | 2.96±0.21 | 2.98±0.24 |
| Comorbidities, % | |||
| Cardiovascular diseasec | 60.6 | 60.7 | 72.0 |
| Diabetes | 24.0 | 35.3 | 61.2 |
| Cancer | 4.3 | 11.2 | 13.1 |
| GI bleeding | 2.5 | 5.2 | 5.8 |
| Hepatitis B infection | 8.6 | 2.5 | 1.2 |
| Hepatitis C infection | 12.0 | 8.4 | 3.7 |
| Hospitalization in prior 3 months | 21.7 | 14.2 | 26.7 |
| Cause of ESRD, % | |||
| Diabetes | 20.2 | 31.7 | 42.5 |
| Glomerular disease | 46.1 | 44.8 | 11.3 |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 5.3 | 4.8 | 2.7 |
| Other | 28.5 | 18.6 | 43.6 |
| Anemia markers and treatments | |||
| Hgb, g/dl | 10.5±2.0 | 10.4±1.2 | 11.5±1.2 |
| Hgb categories, g/dl, % | |||
| <8 | 12.0 | 2.7 | 0.6 |
| 8–<9 | 9.0 | 7.6 | 2.1 |
| 9–<10.0 | 15.9 | 24.1 | 6.6 |
| 10.0–12.0 | 41.7 | 58.5 | 60.4 |
| >12.0 | 21.4 | 7.1 | 30.3 |
| TSAT, % | 31.2±15.2 | 24.2±10.7 | 29.3±12.4 |
| TSAT categories, ng/ml, % | |||
| <20 | 24.2 | 37.7 | 20.2 |
| 20–29 | 30.1 | 36.9 | 38.0 |
| 30–49 | 33.5 | 22.5 | 34.9 |
| ≥50 | 12.1 | 2.9 | 6.8 |
| Ferritin | 417±428 | 157±222 | 648±444 |
| Ferritin categories, mg/l, % | |||
| <200 | 40.7 | 75.4 | 12.2 |
| 200–499 | 33.6 | 19.7 | 30.1 |
| 500–799 | 16.1 | 3.3 | 28.6 |
| ≥800 | 9.6 | 1.6 | 29.1 |
| CRP | 3.9 (1.8–10.5) | 1.2 (0.6–4.0) | – |
| Medication prescribedd, % | |||
| ESA | 92.6 | 79.6 | 81.4 |
| IV iron | 37.2 | 21.9 | 58.2 |
| ESA origine | |||
| Domestic | 89.3 | – | – |
| Non-domestic | 10.7 | – | – |
| ESA type, % | |||
| Epoetinf | 100 | 52.5 | 86.6 |
| Pegylated epoetin | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Darbepoetin | 0 | 47.5 | 13.4 |
| Other | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| ESA route, IV, % | 50.8 | 100 | 97.3 |
| EPO equivalent dose (EPO + darbepoetin), IV, ×1,000 units/week | 9.0 (6.0–10.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 12.0 (6.0–24.6) |
| EPO equivalent dose (EPO + darbepoetin), IV + SC, ×1,000 units/week | 10.0 (6.0–11.5) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 12.0 (6.0–24.0) |
| EPO administration frequency (weekly), IV, %, times/week | |||
| ≤1 | 31.8 | 27.5 | 10.1 |
| 2 | 40.7 | 25.3 | 8.6 |
| 3 | 23.0 | 47.3 | 81.4 |
| >3 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 |
| EPO administration frequency (weekly), subcutaneous, %, times/week | |||
| ≤1 | 69.6 | – | – |
| 2 | 21.4 | – | – |
| 3 | 8.4 | – | – |
| >3 | 0.7 | – | – |
| Available data (non-missing), % | |||
| Hgb | 97.9 | 99.1 | 97.0 |
| Ferritin | 66.5 | 61.4 | 89.7 |
| TSAT | 60.1 | 55.1 | 92.1 |
Continuous variables are shown as mean + SD or median (IQR).
a
Restricted to patients with vintage <1 year.
b
Restricted to patients with vintage ≥1 year.
c
Include coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and other cardiovascular disease.
d
Active medication prescription at DOPPS enrollment.
e
In China, 1 facility had 100% non-domestic EPO, 4 facilities had 30–60% patients on non-domestic EPO, 9 facilities with 0–30% patients on non-domestic EPO, and 29 facilities had 100% on domestic EPO alfa.
f
Includes epoetin alfa, non-pegylated epoetin beta, epoetin delta, epoetin zeta; in Japan, 4.5% of prescriptions were epoetin alfa and 48.0% were non-pegylated epoetin beta.