Table 1.

Bivariate associations of sociodemographic and cancer-related factors with optimism and self-affirmation among cancer survivors, n=326

Participant characteristic	Optimism			Spontaneous self-affirmation
		r	p value		r	p value
Age, n=321		−.018	.747		−.076	.175
Income, n=279		.084	.162		.004	.946
	Mean (SD)	t-value	p value	Mean (SD)	t-value	p value
Gender
Male, n=122	3.17 (0.75)	−0.950	.343	2.77 (0.84)	0.195	.846
Female, n=198	3.09 (0.81)			2.79 (0.85)
Marital status		−0.132	.895		1.910	.057
Married or living as married, n=155	3.12 (0.69)			2.69 (0.79)
Not married, n=163	3.11 (0.85)			2.87 (0.87)
	Mean (SD)	F-value	p value	Mean (SD)	F-value	p value
Education		.934	.394		0.719	.488
Less than high school education, n=37	3.14 (0.82)			2.68 (0.97)
High school graduate or some college, n=175	3.07 (0.82)			2.76 (0.83)
College graduate, n=106	3.20 (0.65)			2.85 (0.79)
Race/ethnicity		2.331	.099		2.136	.120
Hispanic or Latino, n=33	3.34 (0.70)			2.76 (0.88)
Non-Hispanic White, n=216	3.05 (0.78)			2.73 (0.82)
Non-Hispanic Black or African American, n=46	3.20 (0.83)			3.01 (0.83)
Time since diagnosis		1.033	.357		0.574	.564
0-2 years, n=63	3.02 (0.75)			2.68 (0.75)
3-5 years, n=66	3.21 (0.78)			2.83 (0.76)
6 years or more, n=179	3.12 (0.79)			2.80 (0.90)
Cancer site and gender		0.531	.589		1.064	.346
Female breast, n=71	3.06 (0.77)			2.90 (0.78)
Female non-breast, n=127	3.17 (0.75)			2.77 (0.84)
Male non-breast, n=122	3.10 (0.83)			2.72 (0.88)