Table 3.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes in women with an elevated 1-h GCT and either all normal values or one abnormal value on 3-h GTT compared with those with normal 1-h GCT (using Carpenter–Coustan criteria)
| Total cohort N = 5,983 (Includes 250 women diagnosed with GDM) |
Reference Normal 1-h GCT N = 5,230 |
Elevated 1-h GCT, all normal values on 3-h GTT N = 377 |
Elevated 1-h GCT, one abnormal value on 3-h GTT N = 126 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | aOR (95% CI) |
n (%) | aOR (95% CI) |
n (%) | aOR (95% CI) |
|
| Pregnancy-induced hypertensiona |
683 (13.1%) | Ref | 66 (17.5%) | 1.49 (1.12, 1.97) | 19 (15.1%) | 1.17 (0.69, 1.94) |
| Cesarean sectionb | 1,640 (31.4%) | Ref | 146 (38.7%) | 1.19 (1.05, 1.49) | 61 (48.4%) | 1.70 (1.17, 2.46) |
| Operative deliveryb | 436 (8.3%) | Ref | 25 (6.6%) | 0.83 (0.54, 1.27) | 6 (4.8%) | 0.59 (0.26, 1.37) |
| Macrosomia | ||||||
| ≥ 4,000 gb | 278 (5.3%) | Ref | 29 (7.7%) | 1.71 (1.12, 2.61) | 19 (15.1%) | 2.69 (1.49, 4.83) |
| ≥ 4,500 gb | 41 (0.8%) | Ref | 7 (1.9%) | 2.59 (1.13, 5.95) | 4 (3.2%) | 2.70 (0.79, 9.20) |
| ≥ 5,000 gb | 5 (0.1%) | Ref | 1 (0.3%) | 2.91 (0.32, 26.72) | 1 (0.8%) | 6.75 (0.72, 63.62) |
| Shoulder dystociab | 157 (3.0%) | Ref | 19 (5.0%) | 1.89 (1.13, 3.14) | 7 (5.6%) | 2.07 (0.94, 4.59) |
| 5-min Apgar score < 7b | 123 (2.4%) | Ref | 13 (3.5%) | 1.10 (0.59, 2.09) | 2 (1.6%) | 0.55 (0.13, 2.33) |
| Arterial cord pH ≤ 7.10b | 89 (1.8%) | Ref | 8 (2.2%) | 1.24 (0.59, 2.60) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.44 (0.06, 3.23) |
| NICU admissionb | 229 (4.4%) | Ref | 21 (5.6%) | 0.73 (0.43, 1.26) | 8 (6.4%) | 1.11 (0.49, 2.50) |
| Stillbirth or neonatal deathb |
24 (2.1%) | Ref | 2 (0.5%) | 0.57 (0.12, 2.79) | 0 (0.0) | n/a |
| Indicated preterm birthc | 55 (1.1%) | Ref | 12 (2.6%) | 3.09 (1.62, 5.87) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.79 (0.11, 5.78) |
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; GCT, glucose challenge test; GTT, glucose tolerance test; n/a, not applicable; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; Ref, reference.
a
Controlled for maternal age ≥ 35, BMI ≥ 30.0, race/ethnicity, and history of chronic hypertension.
b
Controlled for maternal age ≥ 35, BMI ≥ 30.0, race/ethnicity, and gestational age at delivery.
c
Controlled for maternal age ≥ 35, BMI ≥ 30.0, and race/ethnicity.
Note: Significant p values < 0.05 are given in bold.