. 2016 Jul 5;26(7):371–377. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20150185

Table 4. Crude and adjusted mean birth weight in male and female infants without preterm birth.

Smoking status during early pregnancy	Male					Female

	Crude mean birth weight (g)	Standard Error	Adjusted mean birth weight (g)^a	Standard Error	P-value^b	Crude mean birth weight (g)	Standard Error	Adjusted mean birth weight (g)^a	Standard Error	P-value^b
Never-smokers	3102.6	8.3	3141.8	17.5		3007.7	8.2	3055.5	16.4
Ex-smokers who quit before pregnancy	3110.6	12.1	3133.8	19.2	0.9	3031.6	12.3	3069.2	18.2	0.6
Ex-smokers who quit during early pregnancy	3116.9	15.5	3109.7	21.0	0.2	2999.7	16.8	3021.1	20.7	0.14
Current smokers	2994.1	26.3	3004.6	28.4	<0.001	2875.2	24.7	2928.0	28.2	<0.001

^aAdjusted for partners’ smoking status, annual household income, birth order of children, pregnancy-induced hypertension, diabetes mellitus/gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal weight before pregnancy, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, maternal age group at delivery, and gestational duration; calculated by least squares mean adjustment.

^bP-value was calculated using Dunnett’s test by least squares mean adjustment.