TABLE 2.
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 | P-trend | |
Total CAD | |||||||||||
NHS | |||||||||||
Cases, n | 290 | 258 | 304 | 317 | 299 | 295 | 262 | 258 | 255 | 201 | |
Age and energy adjusted | 1 | 0.71* | 0.77* | 0.79* | 0.66* | 0.65* | 0.58* | 0.51* | 0.50* | 0.42 (0.35, 0.51)* | <0.001 |
Multivariable adjusted2 | 1 | 0.76* | 0.86 | 0.91 | 0.78* | 0.80* | 0.74* | 0.65* | 0.67* | 0.58 (0.48, 0.70)* | <0.001 |
Above + BMI | 1 | 0.76* | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.79* | 0.80* | 0.75* | 0.66* | 0.68* | 0.60 (0.49, 0.72)* | <0.001 |
HPFS | |||||||||||
Cases, n | 361 | 401 | 348 | 414 | 398 | 336 | 357 | 369 | 394 | 295 | |
Age and energy adjusted | 1 | 0.92 | 0.81* | 0.85* | 0.80* | 0.72* | 0.78* | 0.73* | 0.62* | 0.55 (0.47, 0.65)* | <0.001 |
Multivariable adjusted2 | 1 | 0.95 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.85* | 0.77* | 0.81* | 0.81* | 0.68* | 0.63 (0.53, 0.74)* | <0.001 |
Above + BMI | 1 | 0.95 | 0.86 | 0.97 | 0.85* | 0.77* | 0.82* | 0.82* | 0.70* | 0.65 (0.55, 0.77)* | <0.001 |
NHS II | |||||||||||
Cases, n | 70 | 64 | 61 | 58 | 44 | 58 | 46 | 42 | 35 | 27 | |
Age and energy adjusted | 1 | 0.78 | 0.72 | 0.65* | 0.51* | 0.62* | 0.50* | 0.42* | 0.36* | 0.27 (0.17, 0.42)* | <0.001 |
Multivariable adjusted2 | 1 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.81 | 0.64* | 0.83 | 0.69 | 0.60* | 0.54* | 0.43 (0.27, 0.68)* | <0.001 |
Above + BMI | 1 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.81 | 0.65* | 0.84 | 0.71 | 0.61* | 0.56* | 0.46 (0.28, 0.73)* | <0.001 |
Pooled | |||||||||||
Multivariable + BMI adjusted2 | 1 | 0.87* | 0.86* | 0.90 | 0.82* | 0.80* | 0.80* | 0.73* | 0.69* | 0.61 (0.54, 0.69)* | <0.001 |
Nonfatal CAD | |||||||||||
NHS | |||||||||||
Cases, n | 238 | 197 | 234 | 249 | 224 | 225 | 206 | 298 | 197 | 156 | |
Age and energy adjusted | 1 | 0.68* | 0.75* | 0.79* | 0.64* | 0.64* | 0.59* | 0.51* | 0.51* | 0.43 (0.35, 0.53)* | <0.001 |
Multivariable adjusted2 | 1 | 0.72* | 0.82* | 0.88 | 0.73* | 0.76* | 0.72* | 0.63* | 0.65* | 0.57 (0.46, 0.71)* | <0.001 |
Above + BMI | 1 | 0.72* | 0.83* | 0.89 | 0.73* | 0.76* | 0.73* | 0.63* | 0.66* | 0.58 (0.47, 0.72)* | <0.001 |
HPFS | |||||||||||
Cases, n | 215 | 233 | 215 | 230 | 202 | 175 | 199 | 192 | 157 | 145 | |
Age and energy adjusted | 1 | 0.92 | 0.88 | 0.80* | 0.73* | 0.69* | 0.77* | 0.69* | 0.61* | 0.52 (0.44, 0.68)* | <0.001 |
Multivariable adjusted2 | 1 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.85 | 0.78* | 0.72* | 0.82 | 0.75* | 0.65* | 0.57 (0.46, 0.71)* | 0.002 |
Above + BMI | 1 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.85 | 0.78* | 0.72* | 0.83 | 0.76* | 0.67* | 0.60 (0.48, 0.74)* | 0.005 |
NHS II | |||||||||||
Cases, n | 62 | 60 | 55 | 55 | 41 | 55 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 26 | |
Age and energy adjusted | 1 | 0.82 | 0.74 | 0.69 | 0.53* | 0.67* | 0.43* | 0.39* | 0.40* | 0.29 (0.18, 0.46)* | <0.001 |
Multivariable adjusted2 | 1 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.67 | 0.89 | 0.60* | 0.56* | 0.59* | 0.46 (0.29, 0.75)* | <0.001 |
Above + BMI | 1 | 0.92 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.68 | 0.90 | 0.61* | 0.57* | 0.61* | 0.49 (0.30, 0.80)* | 0.002 |
Pooled | |||||||||||
Multivariable + BMI adjusted2 | 1 | 0.84* | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.75* | 0.76* | 0.78* | 0.68* | 0.67* | 0.56 (0.49, 0.65)* | <0.001 |
Fatal MI | |||||||||||
NHS | |||||||||||
Cases, n | 52 | 61 | 70 | 68 | 75 | 70 | 56 | 60 | 58 | 45 | |
Age and energy adjusted | 1 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.80 | 0.76 | 0.69* | 0.54* | 0.51* | 0.48* | 0.39 (0.26, 0.59)* | <0.001 |
Multivariable adjusted2 | 1 | 0.98 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.83 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.66 (0.43, 1.00)* | 0.008 |
Above + BMI | 1 | 0.98 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.02 | 0.99 | 0.85 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.69 (0.45, 1.04) | 0.02 |
HPFS | |||||||||||
Cases, n | 146 | 168 | 133 | 185 | 196 | 162 | 158 | 177 | 137 | 150 | |
Age and energy adjusted | 1 | 0.92 | 0.70* | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.73* | 0.69* | 0.73* | 0.60* | 0.60 (0.48, 0.76)* | <0.001 |
Multivariable adjusted2 | 1 | 0.94 | 0.76* | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.83 | 0.78* | 0.87 | 0.71* | 0.70 (0.56, 0.91)* | 0.002 |
Above + BMI | 1 | 0.95 | 0.77* | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.84 | 0.79* | 0.89 | 0.72* | 0.72 (0.57, 0.92)* | 0.004 |
Pooled | |||||||||||
Multivariable + BMI adjusted2 | 1 | 0.96 | 0.85 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 0.76* | 0.71 (0.58, 0.88)* | <0.001 |
n = 71,415 for the NHS, n = 42,495 for the HPFS, and n = 93,131 for the NHS II. RRs were computed by use of the Cox proportional hazard model. 95% CIs for D2–9 are provided in Supplemental Table 3. *P < 0.05. CAD, coronary artery disease; D, decile; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; MI, myocardial infarction; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; NHS II, Nurses’ Health Study II.
Values were adjusted for age, BMI, smoking, physical activity, family history of diabetes, energy intake, alcohol intake, postmenopausal hormone use (NHS and NHS II), and oral contraceptive use (NHS II).