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Reasons for laparoscopic conversion to open surgery
| Reason for conversion | No. of patients (% within converted patients) |
| Excessive adhesions | 12 (48) |
| Advanced tumor or excessive tumor fixation | 3 (12) |
| Difficult anatomy | 3 (12) |
| Intraoperative complications (e.g., bleeding, ureteric/urinary tract injury, bowel perforation/injury) | 4 (16) |
| Intolerant of tilt and pneumoperitoneum | 3 (12) |
