Table 3.

Lignin precursors and other identified compounds from phenylpropanoid pathway.

Compounds	Stalk control (μg/g DW)	Stalk W86 (μg/g DW)
Coumaric acid	7.56 ± 7.8	9.18 ± 4.39*
Ferulic acid	34.85 ± 4.7	87.5 ± 0.8**
Caffeic acid	6.37 ± 0.82	8.50 ± 1.09*
Syringic aldehyde	29.04 ± 1.34	28.94 ± 1.08
Syringic acid	12.75 ± 0.99	13.22 ± 1.4
Coniferyl aldehyde	86.63 ± 5.76	103.17 ± 12.89**
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid	47.86 ± 2.15	45.87 ± 2.1*
Vanillic acid	34.52 ± 0.1	39.27 ± 2.2**
Vanillin	161.77 ± 0.1	159.43 ± 4.7*
Vitexin	10.78 ± 0.46	11.99 ± 1.6*
Isoorientin	18.77 ± 4.77	20.87 ± 2.79*
Orientin	12.55 ± 4.94	13.26 ± 4.51
Proanthocyanidin B2	1.56 ± 0.31	2.09 ± 0.38**
Catechin hydrate	1.36 ± 0.06	1.51 ± 0.08**
Catechin gallate	1.13 ± 0.32	1.58 ± 0.18**
Epicatechin gallate	1.12 ± 0.09	3.16 ± 0.28**

Results are mean values ± SD (n = 6). Significance of differences between the means was determined using Student’s t-test (*P < 0.05, *P < 0.01).