Table 1.

Typical range of wall shear rates and stresses in blood vessels

Blood vessel	Shear rate (/s)	Shear stress (Pa)
Large arteries*	300-800	1.4-3.6
Arterioles*	450-1600	2-7.2
Veins*	15-200	0.07-0.9
Stenotic vessels*	800-10 000	3.6-45
Axial flow LVAD†	—	600
Centrifugal flow LVAD†	—	150-230

^*Values for different vessels are adapted from Kroll et al⁷⁴; mean wall shear rate/stress values are presented. Peak values could be higher.

^†Present peak value in typical devices based on experimental measurements and computational fluid dynamics calculations (blood flow rate was 4-7 L/min). These values were summarized from Girdhar et al,⁷⁵ Selgrade and Truskey,⁷⁶ and Fraser et al.⁷⁷