Table 2.
Other indicators of dependence on e-cigarette or nicotine gum in former smokers, and dependence on tobacco cigarettes in two samples of daily smokers
| Former smokers | Daily smokers | Former smokers |
Daily e-cig users |
Daily smokers | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Daily gum users |
Daily e-cig users |
Daily e-cig users |
Internet | Gen. popul. |
Gum users vs e-cig users |
Former smokers vs daily smokers |
E-cig users vs Internet |
E-cig users vs general popul. |
|
| N participants | 451 | 911 | 125 | 2206 | 292 | P value | P value | P value | P value |
| I am a prisoner of [product] (% fully agree) |
41.1 | 6.2 | 3.6 | 57.2 | 27.7 | <.001 | 0.003 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Stopping [product] would be: (% very difficult / impossible) |
44.9 | 29.2 | 21.1 | 65.1 | 28.8 | 0.20 | 0.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Serious attempt to stop [product] in past 12m (yes, %) |
27.7 | 1.3 | 5.3 | 52.5 | 31.8 | <.001 | 0.03 | <.001 | 0.001 |
| Likely to succeed if decided to stop using [product] (%) |
28.8 | 32.9 | 39.0 | 36.1 | -- | 0.82 | 0.09 | 0.89 | -- |
| Perceived addiction to e-cigs / gums, compared with previous addiction to cigarettes (same or stronger, %) |
35.5 | 23.6 | 31.0 | -- | -- | <.001 | 0.18 | -- | -- |
| Reasons for use: | |||||||||
| Use ecig / gum because is addicted to it (%) |
68.8 | 46.1 | 20.7 | -- | -- | <.001 | <.001 | -- | -- |
| Use e-cig / gum to deal with craving for tobacco (%) |
60.6 | 87.4 | 90.6 | -- | -- | <.001 | 0.51 | -- | -- |
| Use e-cig / gum to quit smoking or avoid relapse (%) |
67.8 | 96.1 | 75.4 | -- | -- | <.001 | <.001 | -- | -- |
| Use e-cig / gum to deal with situation where can’t smoke (%) |
26.6 | 43.6 | 66.6 | -- | -- | <.001 | 0.003 | -- | -- |
| I fear that I will start smoking again if I stopped vaping / using nicotine gums (%) |
57.7 | 75.4 | -- | -- | -- | <.001 | -- | -- | -- |
Bold: statistically significant values after Holm-Bonferroni adjustment.