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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 24.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014 Dec 18;147:68–75. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.007

Table 4.

Characteristics of former smokers who used the e-cigarette or the nicotine gum daily, according to the duration of product use, Internet, 2004-2013

Used
e-cig
for <=3
months		 Used
e-cig
for >3
months		 P-
value
e-cig
<=3m
vs
>3m		 Used
gum
for <=3
months		 Used
gum
for >3
months		 P-
value
gum
<=3m
vs >3m		 P value
e-cig
vs gum
<=3
months		 P value
e-cig
vs gum
>3
months
Number of participants 244 331 152 295
Men (%) 63.2 67.2 0.3 41.2 36.8 0.32 <.001 <.001
Age (median) 40 42 0.07 38.0 47.0 <.001 0.49 0.016
Time since they quit smoking (days, median) 77 520 <.001 15 960 <.001 0.38 <.001
Duration of current episode of e-cig or gum use
(days, median)		 49 365 <.001 14 730 <.001 0.006 <.001
Minutes to 1st puff on e-cig or to 1st gum of day
- median		 20 15 0.16 60 20 <.001 <.001 0.016
- mean 38.2 27.8 0.015 110.0 34.6 <.001 <.001 0.016
Made a serious attempt to stop using e-cig or
nicotine gum in past 12 months (%)		 0.9 1.3 0.7 12.9 37.2 <.001 0.011 <.001
FTND-e-cig or FTND-gum 3.7 4.1 0.009 2.0 4.0 <.001 <.001 0.61
CDS-e-cig or CDS-gum 32.7 34.1 0.19 28.4 47.0 <.001 0.37 <.001
NDSS-e-cig or NDSS-gum : Overall −1.2 −1.2 0.55 −1.5 0 <.001 0.27 <.001
NDSS-e-cig or NDSS-gum : Drive −1.1 −1.2 0.19 −1.2 0.4 <.001 0.91 <.001
NDSS-e-cig or NDSS-gum : Priority −0.8 −0.7 0.05 −0.7 −0.7 0.67 0.38 0.71
NDSS-e-cig or NDSS-gum : Tolerance −1.2 −1.1 0.37 −1.4 −0.5 <.001 0.034 <.001
NDSS-e-cig or NDSS-gum : Continuity −0.9 −0.9 0.91 −0.2 0.7 <.001 <.001 <.001
NDSS-e-cig or NDSS-gum : Stereotypy −0.2 −0.1 0.92 −0.1 0.9 <.001 0.11 <.001
Addiction to e-cig or to nicotine gum compared
with former addiction to cigarettes (% “same” or
“stronger”)		 26.4 21.8 0.25 9.0 49.5 <.001 <.001 0.12
If you decided to stop vaping / to stop all NRTs,
likely to succeed? (% not likely)		 30.8 32.9 0.45 16.1 42.7 <.001 0.07 0.21
Reasons for using the e-cig or gum (% very true)
 To deal with nicotine withdrawal symptoms 68.7 59.9 0.20 72.8 59.6 0.001 0.046 <.001
 To quit smoking or avoid relapsing to smoking 87.7 85.2 0.09 92.3 42.0 <.001 0.66 <.001
 Because I am addicted to the e-cig / to the gum 8.0 11.4 <.001 6.8 82.8 <.001 <.001 <.001

Bold: statistically significant values after Holm-Bonferroni adjustment.