Table 2.

Estimated Risk Ratio for Receiving a Clinical Diagnosis of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy among Adults Diabetes Patients with Symptom, DISTANCE (n=4,436)^*

Characteristics	Unadjusted Risk Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)	Partially adjusted** Model Risk Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
Race/Ethnicity (ref white)
African American	0.88 (0.81,0.96)	0.99 (0.91,1.07)
Chinese	0.53 (0.42,0.67)	0.66 (0.52,0.82)
Latino	0.72 (0.65,0.79)	0.86 (0.77,0.95)
Filipino	0.56 (0.48,0.64)	0.68 (0.59,0.78)
Age (ref < 50)
Age 50-64	1.40 (1.20,1.64)	1.27 (1.10,1.47)
Age 65+	1.72 (1.48,2.01)	1.46 (1.27,1.71)
Male (ref = female)	0.95 (0.88,1.03)	0.97 (0.9,1.05)
Education (ref = no high school diploma)
High School Diploma	1.0 (0.88,1.14)	0.95 (0.84,1.07)
Some College	1.0 (0.88,1.14)	0.98 (0.87,1.11)
College Graduate	1.12 (0.98,1.27)	1.11 (0.98,1.25)
Covariates
Symptom frequency (ref = 1-3 times/month)
1-2 days/week	1.08 (0.91,1.28)	1.04 (0.89,1.22)
3-4 days/week	1.4 (1.20,1.64)	1.27 (1.10,1.48)
5-7 days/week	1.86 (1.64,2.11)	1.61 (1.43,1.83)
Insulin Use (ref= no)	1.47 (1.36,1.58)	1.15 (1.06,1.25)
Duration (ref = <5 years)
Duration 5-9 years	1.2 (1.05,1.36)	1.16 (1.03,1.31)
Duration 10 years or more	1.56 (1.39,1.75)	1.31 (1.17,1.47)
HbA1c >9.0 (ref ≤ 9.0)	0.99 (0.88,1.11)	1.07 (0.95,1.20)
BMI (ref-normal weight)
Underweight (<18.5)	1.38 (0.99,1.94)	1.15 (0.76,1.73)
Overweight (25-30)	0.94 (0.81,1.10)	0.94 (0.81,1.09)
Obese (>30)	1.04 (0.90,1.21)	0.99 (0.86,1.14)
Depression (ref PHQ9<10)	1.14 (1.03,1.26)	1.06 (0.98,1.15)
Medicaid (ref = no)	1.24 (1.0,1.55)	1.17 (0.97,1.41)
Above median number of outpatient visits (ref below median)	1.63 (1.48,1.79)	1.41 (1.28,1.55)

^*Imputed missing values for all covariates

^**Partially adjusted model included all covariates except for the communication variables of interest.