Levels of serotonin (5-HT) in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) measured by in vivo microdialysis before, during, and after exposure to escapable (ESC) and yoked inescapable (IS) tailshocks. Level of 5-Ht is expressed as a percentage of baseline values, and the Baseline, during stress, and Post-Stress is measured in 20 min intervals. IN produced a sustained rise in levels of extracellular 5-HT, while levels during ESC dropped rapidly as the subjects learned the controlling response.