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. 2016 Jun 1;9(6):707–717. doi: 10.1242/dmm.023440

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© 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 6. — Chitohexaose blocks TLR-mediated TNFα induction leading to inhibition of CD80-uria and albuminuria. (A) Comparison of urinary albumin:creatinine ratios in B6 mice receiving PBS, chitohexaose (Chx), LPS or chitohexaose and LPS (five mice per group). (B) Comparison of urinary CD80 levels in B6 mice receiving PBS, LPS or chitohexaose and LPS (nine mice per group). (C,D) Serum TNFα (C) and IL-10 (D) levels in B6 mice given PBS alone, LPS alone or LPS and chitohexaose (four mice per group), 2 h post injection. (E) Relative CD80 mRNA expression in E11 podocytes treated with sera from B6 mice exposed to PBS (CTRL), chitohexaose alone, LPS alone or LPS and chitohexaose (n=8, four independent experiments). (F) Comparison of urinary albumin:creatinine ratios in B6 mice receiving PBS, p(I:C) or chitohexaose and p(I:C) (five mice per group). Data represent mean±s.e.m. ND, not detectable.