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. 2016 May 11;5(6):709–719. doi: 10.1242/bio.016477

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© 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 2. — Responses to light in control 1 (non-transduced cells), control 2 (RAX1-transduced cells), and CRX-transduced cells. (A) Responses to light in control 1 (non-transduced cells, top), control 2 (RAX1-transduced cells, middle), and CRX-transduced cells (bottom). No. 2 PBMCs were used. Timing and duration of light stimulation are shown under the current trace. Holding potential was −40 mV. Scale bar: 20 μm. (B) Summary of the light responses. Amplitude of the responses was normalized to the total charge. Details of the data analysis are provided in Fig. S4. (C) Expressions of phototransduction-related genes in RAX1- or CRX-transduced PBMCs. Expression of melanopsin cascade genes (melanopsin, TRPCs, GNAQ, GNA11 and GNA14) and cone/rod photoreceptor-related opsin cascade (phototransduction cascade) genes (CNGA1,3, CNGB1,3 and GNAT1,2) was analyzed. Each positive control was extracted from the human brain (Ambion) or Y79 cell line. Downstream genes of the melanopsin cascade were abundantly expressed in controls and RAX1- and CRX-transduced PBMCs.