Fig. 4.

Transduction of RAX1 and NEUROD1 in addition to CRX, with incubation in a modified medium improved the expression of retinal disease-related genes. (A) Relatively effective modified conditions and frequencies of rhodopsin detection. Modified conditions tended to induce rhodopsin expression. Nos 1-3 PBMCs were used for the upper table, while No. 2 PBMCs were used for the lower table. The numerators show the number of experiments in which rhodopsin expression was detected, and the denominators show the total number of inductions. C, CRX; R, RAX1; Nd, NEUROD1. The schematic shows the experimental protocol, with transduction and culture conditions indicated by symbols; for example, C.Nd, CRX and NEUROD1 were simultaneously transduced, R.C-Nd, RAX1 and CRX were simultaneously transduced followed by transduction of NEUROD1. A, Activin A added; D, DKK1 added; L, Lefty2 added; RPE, including RPE-conditioned medium; diff.med, unmodified differentiation medium. (B) Detection of some retinal disease-related genes expression that was absent in PBMCs transduced with CRX alone. Positive controls were derived from the human brain (Ambion) or Y79 cell line (human brain samples were used for NDP, PCDH15 and TTPA). ECM, extracellular matrix; OS, outer segment; C, cilia-related; IS, inner segment; ONL, outer nuclear layer; TF, transcription factor.