Table 2.

Classification of markers according to their diagnostic, prognostic, and managerial value.

Markers of diagnosis	Echocardiography parameters, right heart catheterization parameters, miRNA, Cav1, Desmosin, Angiogenin, TNF-α
Markers for risk assessment	Interleukin-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, CEC, osteopontin, ADMA, miRNA, BNP, VEGF, MR-proADM, 6MWD, NLR, vWF, low cholesterol, OPG, circulating AA profile, type III procollagen, CT-proET-1
Markers with managerial value	NYHA, 6MWD, RVD and RVF, BNP, RAP, CI

Abbreviations: miRNA, microRNA; Cav1, caveolin-1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta; CECs, circulating endothelial cells; ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; MR-proADM, mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin; 6MWD, six-minute walk distance; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; vWF, von Willebrand factor; OPG, osteoprotegerin; AA, amino acid; CT-proET-1, C-terminal pro-endothelin-1; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RVD, right ventricular dimensions; RVF, right ventricular function; RAP, right atrial pressure; CI, cardiac index.