Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects
| Characteristics | Mean ± SD |
|---|---|
| Age, year | 62.4±6.8 |
| Male/female, n | 22/8 |
| Body mass index | 18.7±2.9 |
| GOLD III/IV, n | 26/4 |
| Smoking, pack-years | 46.87±26.69 |
| Smoking (nonsmoker/ex-smoker/smoker), n (%) | 1/27/2 (3.3/90/6.7) |
| Using oxygen at home, n (%) | 20 (66.7) |
| Medication | |
| Bronchodilators | |
| Inhaled, n (%) | 26 (86.7) |
| Nebulized, n (%) | 18 (60) |
| Ipratropium bromide | |
| Inhaled, n (%) | 13 (43.3) |
| Nebulized, n (%) | 11 (36.7) |
| Steroids | |
| Inhaled, n (%) | 21 (70) |
| Oral, n (%) | 6 (20) |
| Theophylline, n (%) | 8 (26.7) |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Ob structive Lung Disease.