industry |
Kisele |
Kisesle |
Mumba |
Nasera |
Lemuta |
Silale |
Olmoti |
Angata Kiti |
technocomplex |
MSA |
MSA |
MSA/LSA |
MSA/LSA |
early LSA |
ceramic LSA + PN |
ceramic LSA (Kansyore/Nderit) |
PN (Narosura/Akira) |
age estimate (ka) |
56–73 |
56–73 |
50–56 |
25–37 |
16–24 |
8 |
5 |
2 |
accumulation span (kyr) |
17 |
17 |
6 |
12 |
8 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
artefact volumetric density (artefacts m−3) |
67.02 |
32.86 |
56.84 |
1031.89 |
2170.55 |
648.50 |
1808.24 |
484.67 |
artefact accumulation rate (artefacts m−3 kyr−1) |
3.94 |
1.93 |
9.47 |
85.99 |
271.32 |
648.50 |
1808.24 |
484.67 |
retouched tool count |
188 |
61 |
46 |
355 |
390 |
215 |
147 |
99 |
retouched tools : artefact volumetric density |
2.81 |
1.86 |
0.81 |
0.34 |
0.18 |
0.33 |
0.08 |
0.20 |
local : non-local raw materials |
5.45 |
4.5 |
6.33 |
23.72 |
8.07 |
18.95 |
12.54 |
6.28 |
debitage : non-local tools |
76.98 |
26.33 |
27.93 |
144.09 |
155.04 |
131.46 |
105.61 |
36.03 |
local : non-local cores |
3.7 |
3 |
29 |
23.74 |
11.56 |
27.33 |
19.3 |
3.82 |
local : non-local tools |
3.35 |
1.03 |
2.07 |
4.55 |
4.17 |
6.68 |
4.25 |
1.54 |
occupation span index (OSI) |
36.31 |
17.98 |
22.36 |
96.48 |
67 |
82.34 |
60.49 |
24.85 |
avg. non-bipolar core size (mm) |
40.72 |
48.6 |
30.2 |
30.44 |
28.98 |
22.3 |
n.d. |
26.68 |
avg. bipolar core size (mm) |
26.23 |
28 |
20.6 |
24.94 |
24.08 |
20.6 |
n.d. |
24.53 |
avg. point size (mm) |
42.1 |
40.8 |
35.5 |
28.01 |
n.a. |
31 |
n.a. |
31 |
tip cross-sectional area (TCSA) |
156.84 |
120.51 |
100.19 |
74.78 |
n.a. |
103.16 |
n.a. |
76.59 |
avg. endscraper length (mm) |
31.03 |
34 |
29.2 |
26.3 |
24.21 |
18.6 |
31.1 |
31.1 |
retouched tool count |
188 |
61 |
46 |
355 |
390 |
215 |
147 |
99 |
points (%) |
13.3 |
18 |
4.3 |
14.6 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0 |
1 |
backed microliths (%) |
1.1 |
0 |
6.5 |
3.9 |
30.5 |
56.7 |
29.3 |
24.2 |
Levallois core (%) |
9.7 |
14.3 |
16.7 |
11.9 |
6.3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
bipolar core (%) |
9.9 |
24 |
46.7 |
47.8 |
37.4 |
55.3 |
61.9 |
65.4 |
CA axis 1 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
0.47 |
0.17 |
−0.87 |
0.40 |
n.d. |
1.75 |
CA axis 2 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
−2.17 |
−1.29 |
0.46 |
1.85 |
n.d. |
0.47 |