Table 2.

The archaeological evidence in Africa for the exploitation of dense and predictable resources. NR, no record; ka, thousands of years; MSA, Middle Stone Age; LSA, Later Stone Age; GCFR, Greater Cape Floristic Region.

time interval ka	marine isotope stage	industrial complex	systematic lake and river fishing				systematic marine intertidal foraging			other
			North Africa	East Africa	Central Africa	southern Africa	North Africa	East Africa	South Africa
<14	1	LSA	Nile river	rift lakes	river and lake	Kalahari lakes	NR	NR	GCFR coast	land snails
			Saharan lake [122,126]	[127]		[128]			[93]	Maghreb [129]
∼29–14	2	LSA	Nile river [122]	NR	river and lake [130]	NR	Atlantic coast [131]	NR	NR, but probable [93]	land snails Maghreb [129]
∼60–29	3	LSA/MSA	NR	NR	NR	NR	Atlantic coast [131]	NR	GCFR coast [93]	NR
∼74–60	4	MSA	NR	NR	NR	NR	Atlantic coast [131]	NR	GCFR coast [93]
∼130–74	5	MSA	NR	NR	river [132]	NR	Atlantic coast [131]	NR	GCFR coast [93]
∼195–130	6	MSA	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	GCFR coast [93]
∼240–195	7	MSA	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR