Experimental design for multigenerational study. (a) Continuous exposures were carried out in clean medium (UnExp-Reference) and at AgNO3 = 0.10 mg Ag l−1, Ag-PVP = 1.5 mg Ag l−1 and Ag2S = 15 mg Ag l−1. Recovery populations were transferred to clean medium after exposure until generation F5. (b) Effect of exposure to different concentrations of the respective Ag treatment and in clean medium (MGExp-control) on reproduction, lifespan and size was tested at parent (P), F2, F5, F8, F10 offspring generation and for populations unexposed after F5 until F10 (recovery generation). (Online version in colour.)