Table 1.

The Roland – Morris Disability Questionnaire

• I stay at home, most of the time because of my back.

• I change position frequently to try and get my back comfortable.

• I walk more slowly than usual because of my back.

• Because of my back, I am not doing any of the jobs that I usually do around the house.

• Because of my back, I use a band rail to get upstairs.

• Because of my back, I lie down to rest more often.

• Because of my back, I have to hold on to something to get out of an easy chair.

• Because of my back, I try to get other people to do things for me.

• I get dressed more slowly than usual because of my back.

• I only stand for short period of time because of my back.

• Because of my back, I try not to bend or kneel down.

• I only walk short distances because of my back.

• I sleep less well on my back.

• Because of my back pain, I get dressed with help from someone else.

• Because of my back pain, I am more irritable and bad tempered with people than usual.

• Because of my back, I go upstairs more slowly than usual.

• I stay in the bed most of the time because of my back.

• I sit down for most of the day because of my back.

• I avoid heavy jobs around the house because of my back.

• I find it difficult to get out of chair because of my back.

• My back is painful almost all the time.

• I find it difficult to turn over in the bed because of my back.

• My appetite is not very good because of my back pain.

• I have trouble putting on my socks (stocking) because of pain in my back.

Total = The score is the total number of the items checked and will range from 0 to 24.