Figure 1.
Pooled estimates across 8 studies for the risk of depressive symptoms associated in obese individuals compared to non-obese individuals (total n=30,337). Metabolically healthy status is defined as having ≤1 metabolic risk factors. The base models are adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. The fully adjusted models are further adjusted for smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, education, and waist circumference deviation from the person’s obesity group mean waist circumference value. See online supplementary material for study-specific results.