Table 5.
Study end metabolic and cognitive values in women randomized to placebo
| Pairwise Comparisons | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HEALTHY METABOLIC |
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE |
POOR METABOLIC |
Main Effect of Cluster at Study End |
||
| A. Metabolic Biomarkers | |||||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 81.23 (1.05) | 81.37 (1.14) | 91.53 (1.58) ab | <0.0001 | |
| HOMA Score | −0.04 (0.06) | 0.20 (0.06) a | 0.79 (0.09) ab | <0.0001 | |
| Ketones (mM) | −2.36 (0.04) | −2.40 (0.04) | −2.38 (0.06) | 0.80 | |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 80.14 (2.00) | 69.24 (2.18) a | 56.96 (3.01) ab | <0.0001 | |
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 118.94 (3.53) | 122.27 (3.85) | 120.84 (5.32) | 0.81 | |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 4.41 (0.04) | 4.53 (0.05) | 4.84 (0.06) ab | <0.0001 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.77 (0.04) | 5.64 (0.05) | 6.12 (0.07) ab | <0.0001 | |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 108.22 (1.27) | 117.47 (1.38) a | 118.32 (1.91) a | <0.0001 | |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 69.23 (0.78) | 75.27 (0.85) a | 73.71 (1.17) a | <0.0001 | |
| B. Cognitive Performance | |||||
| Global Cognition | 0.71 (0.18) | 0.45 (0.20) | 0.57 (0.28) | 0.61 | |
| Verbal Memory | 0.51 (0.13) | 0.55 (0.14) | 0.38 (0.20) | 0.79 | |
| Executive Functions | 0.14 (0.14) | −0.17 (0.15) | −0.11 (0.21) | 0.29 | |
A. Average (SEM) value at study end for each metabolic biomarker within each phenotype. HOMA, ketones, and triglycerides are expressed as log values due to a skewed distribution of values within the population. B. Average (SEM) value at study end for each cognitive composite score within each phenotype.
Significant longitudinal change from baseline (p < 0.05).
Longitudinal change is significantly different from the Healthy phenotype (p < 0.05).
Longitudinal change is significantly different from the High BP phenotype (p < 0.05). ANCOVA was used to test for overall cross-sectional differences among metabolic clusters on each biomarker and cognitive composite score. The Tukey-Kramer method was used to adjust for multiple comparisons.