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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Man Ther. 2016 Apr 19;24:52–64. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2016.04.003

TABLE 5.

Results of Hierarchical Linear Modeling Analyses of the Exercise Adherence Scores over Time and Specific Contrasts of Treatment Group and Classification Group at Post-Treatment and 6 and 12 Month Follow-up

Post-Treatment
Fixed Effect Beta Coefficient SE t-ratio df p-value
Level 1 Intercept
 CS Rot 73.807 3.944 18.716 90 <0.001
 CS ExtRot 71.113 5.065 14.039 90 <0.001
 NCs Rot 74.387 2.879 25.841 90 <0.001
 NCs ExtRot 74.028 2.986 24.793 90 <0.001
Level 1 Lineard
 CS Rot −0.976 0.228 −4.289 90 <0.001
 CS ExtRot −1.290 0.410 −3.143 90 0.002
 NCs Rot −1.598 0.393 −4.068 90 <0.001
 NCs ExtRot −1.665 0.411 −4.054 90 <0.001
Level 1 Quadraticd
 CS Rot 0.003 0.005 0.559 409 0.576
 CS ExtRot 0.011 0.009 1.209 409 0.227
 NCs Rot 0.018 0.009 2.096 409 0.037
 NCs ExtRot 0.019 0.010 1.863 409 0.063
6 Month
Fixed Effect Coefficient SE t-ratio df p-value
Level 1 Intercept
 CS Rot 57.232 5.140 11.135 90 <0.001
 CS ExtRot 51.378 8.107 6.337 90 <0.001
 NCs Rot 51.627 6.529 7.907 90 <0.001
 NCs ExtRot 50.405 6.089 8.279 90 <0.001
Level 1 Lineard
 CS Rot −0.869 0.117 −7.452 90 <0.001
 CS ExtRot −0.907 0.144 −6.322 90 <0.001
 NCs Rot −0.936 0.149 −6.292 90 <0.001
 NCs ExtRot −0.965 0.148 −6.517 90 <0.001
Level 1 Quadraticd
 CS Rot 0.003 0.005 0.559 409 0.576
 CS ExtRot 0.011 0.009 1.209 409 0.227
 NCs Rot 0.018 0.009 2.096 409 0.037
 NCs ExtRot 0.019 0.010 1.863 409 0.063
12 Month
Fixed Effect Coefficient SE t-ratio df p-value
Level 1 Intercept
 CS Rot 41.906 5.600 7.483 90 <0.001
 CS ExtRot 38.056 8.292 4.590 90 <0.001
 NCs Rot 40.525 6.912 5.863 90 <0.001
 NCs ExtRot 39.121 6.264 6.246 90 <0.001
Level 1 Lineard
 CS Rot −0.757 0.229 −3.301 90 0.001
 CS ExtRot −0.506 0.284 −1.781 90 0.078
 NCs Rot −0.242 0.313 −0.772 90 0.442
 NCs ExtRot −0.231 0.414 −0.560 90 0.577
Level 1 Quadraticd
 CS Rot 0.003 0.005 0.559 409 0.576
 CS ExtRot 0.011 0.009 1.209 409 0.227
 NCs Rot 0.018 0.009 2.096 409 0.037
 NCs ExtRot 0.019 0.010 1.863 409 0.063

CS Rot = Classification-Specific, Rotation, CS ExtRot = Classification-Specific, Extension-Rotation, NCs Rot = Non Classification-Specific, Rotation, NCs ExtRot = Non Classification-Specific, Extension-Rotation.

Superscripts indicate the results of tests of Level 2 effects.

a

Treatment Group Effect: (CS Rot + CS ExtRot) vs. (NCs Rot + NCs ExtRot), p<.05.

b

Classification Group Effect: (CS Rot + NCs Rot) vs. (CS ExtRot + NCs ExtRot), p<.05.

c

Treatment × Classification Group Interaction: (CS Rot + NCs ExtRot) vs. (CS ExtRot + NCs Rot), p<.05.

d

Grand Mean, p<.05. (Tested for the linear and quadratic component)