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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 26.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Brain Res. 2015 Aug 14;294:224–233. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.08.004

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

(A) Individual performance in MWM is consistent from 3–5 months of age. Animals classified as inferior in MWM1 continue to perform significantly worse than superior animals in MWM2 and MWM3 (p < 0.05). By MWM4 there is no distinction between inferior and superior learners. Individuals classified as inferior in MWM1 show greater cognitive deficits in the MWM5 than those classified as superior (p < 0.05), indicating that performance at 3 months of age is predictive of performance at 12 months. (B) Training at an early age prevents cognitive decline at 12 months of age. The total distance swam on day 2 of hidden platform training by naïve 12 month old animals was significantly worse than that of 12 month old animals with previous exposure to the MWM paradigm (p < 0.05). (C) Training specifically improves performance of inferior learners and does not have significant impact on the performance of superior learners.