Table 4.
Gender discrimination and alcohol outcomes: a summary of findings by type of test, 1980–2015.
| Study | Sample | Design | Discrimination level | Alcohol-related outcome(s) | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tests of global associations | |||||
| McCabe et al. (2010) | 34,653 adults in US national sample | Longitudinal cohort (analytic sample uses wave two) | Interpersonal | Past year substance use disorder† | No association for past year or lifetime discrimination |
| McLaughlin et al. (2010) | 34,653 adults in US national sample, of whom 20,089 women | Longitudinal cohort (analytic sample uses wave two) | Interpersonal | Past year alcohol use disorder (DSM-IV abuse or dependence) | Positive association |
| Richman et al. (1992) | 137 students at a college of medicine in a US state (not specified) | Longitudinal cohort | Interpersonal | Past month drinking quantity | Positive association |
| Rowe et al. (2015) | 292 transgender female adolescents and young adults in San Francisco Bay Area | Cross-sectional | Interpersonal | Past six month alcohol use | Positive association |
| Test s of mediated associations | |||||
| Zucker and Landry (2007) | 192 female students at a private college in Washington DC | Cross-sectional | Interpersonal | Past two week binge drinking | Positive association through psychological distress |
| Tests of conditional associations | |||||
| McCabe et al. (2010) | 34,653 adults in US national sample | Longitudinal cohort (analytic sample uses wave two) | Interpersonal | Past year substance use disorder† | Positive association in combination with lifetime sexual orientation discrimination |
| McLaughlin et al. (2010) | 34,653 adults in US national sample, of whom 20,089 women | Longitudinal cohort (analytic sample uses wave two) | Interpersonal | Past year alcohol use disorder (DSM-IV abuse or dependence) | Positive association under one coping style (not accepting & not disclosing discrimination); no association under other coping styles |
| Otiniano Verissimo et al. (2013) | 401 young adult Latinos in New York NY | Cross-sectional | Interpersonal | Past year substance use† | Positive association among women; negative association among men |
†
Composite measure that combined alcohol with tobacco and/or illicit drug use