. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ophthalmology. 2016 Apr 7;123(7):1570–1580. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.02.045

Table 2.

Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Models of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Related Mortality by Retinopathy Status, Overall and by Sex

Retinopathy, Present versus Absent	Model 1 (HR and 95% CI)	Model 2 (HR and 95% CI)	Model 3 (HR and 95% CI)	Model 4 (HR and 95% CI)
All-Cause Mortality
All Participants	1.26 (1.10, 1.43)^**	1.20 (1.05, 1.37)^**	1.16 (1.01, 1.35)^*	1.12 (0.97, 1.30)
Men	1.33 (1.11, 1.60)^**	1.30 (1.08, 1.57)^**	1.30 (1.06, 1.60)^*	1.28 (1.04, 1.57)^*
Women	1.19 (0.98, 1.44)	1.13 (0.93, 1.38)	1.04 (0.84, 1.30)	0.98 (0.78, 1.22)
Cardiovascular-Disease Related Mortality
All Participants	1.57 (1.20, 2.06)^**	1.46 (1.11, 1.93)^**	1.42 (1.05, 1.93)^*	1.24 (0.91, 1.69)
Men	1.81 (1.25, 2.63)^**	1.72 (1.18, 2.50)^**	1.81 (1.19, 2.73)^**	1.74 (1.14, 2.66)^**
Women	1.37 (0.92, 2.07)	1.31 (0.87, 1.99)	1.20 (0.76, 1.91)	0.95 (0.59, 1.53)

HR=hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval;

p-value < 0.05;

^**

p-value < 0.01.

All-cause mortality was assessed through 27 September 2013 and cardiovascular disease related mortality was assessed through 31 December 2009.

Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, self-reported health status, cognitive status, walking disability, number of medications, and serum total cholesterol. For cardiovascular disease related mortality analyses, it further adjusted for self-reported history of angina or cardiovascular disease.

Model 2 adjusted for all variables in model 1 and microalbuminuria and chronic kidney disease.

Model 3 adjusted for all variables in model 2 and total brain tissue volume (corrected for intracranial volume), cerebral microbleeds, and brain infarcts.

Model 4 adjusted for all variables in model 3 and clinical stroke.