Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study sample.
| Variables | Non responders (n = 23) | Responders (n = 10) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 43.36 (14.78) | 48.30 (9.13) | 0.33 |
| Marital status (married/unmarried) | 13/10 | 4/6 | 0.31 |
| Education (years) | 13.91 (4.25) | 12.57 (3.88) | 0.37 |
| Smoking (yes/no) | 1/22 | 0/10 | 0.69 |
| Alcohol consumption (yes/no) | 22/1 | 10/0 | 0.69 |
| Duration of pain (years) | 6.04 (1.64) | 6.4 (0.97) | 0.42 |
| Pain on visual analog scale (cm) | 8 (1.33) | 6.5 (1.85) | 0.01 |
| Trait-anxiety (STAI-T) | 28.82 (6.14) | 25.17 (6.41) | 0.13 |
| State-anxiety (STA-T) | 30.0 (8.42) | 29.91 (5.75) | 0.98 |
| Beck depression inventory | 13.45 (7.04) | 15.83 (7.12) | 0.37 |
| Brazilian Portuguese Catastrophizing Scale (BP-PCS) | 33.82 (6.98) | 31.52 (8.14) | 0.42 |
| Number of days analgesics were used per week in the last 3 months (< 4 times/= 4 times)a | 8/15 | 2/8 | 0.33 |
| Presence of other chronic diseases before appearance of pain (yes/no)b | 4/19 | 2/8 | 0.6 |
| Diagnosis of psychiatric disorders (yes/no) | 8/15 | 5/5 | 0.32 |
| Active use of central nervous system medication (yes/no)c | 20/3 | 7/3 | 0.25 |
Values are given as the mean (SD) or frequency (n = 33).
a
The same patient may have used more than one medication.
b
Chronic diseases other than pain: hypertension (n = 12); ischemic heart disease (n = 1); heart attack (n = 1); diabetes mellitus (n = 5); thyroid diseases (n = 2); other chronic diseases listed (n = 0).
c
Central nervous medication: tricyclic antidepressant (n = 2); topiromate (n = 1); tylex (n = 1).