Table 1.
Clinical data of patients admitted with VAP.
| Characteristic | MICU N = 27 (%) |
SICU N = 27 (%) |
TICU N = 52 (%) |
Overall N = 106 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) (years) | 57.9 ± 16.2 | 53.1 ± 15.9 | 37.3 ± 16.4 | 46.6 ± 18.6 |
|
| ||||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 17 (63) | 21 (77.8) | 47 (90.4) | 85 (80.2) |
| Female | 10 (37) | 6 (22.2) | 5 (9.6) | 21 (19.8) |
|
| ||||
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Qatari | 10 (37) | 6 (22.2) | 15 (28.8) | 31 (29.2) |
| African | 2 (7.4) | 5 (18.5) | 7 (13.5) | 14 (13.2) |
| Indian subcontinent | 12 (44.4) | 13 (48.1) | 22 (42.3) | 47 (44.3) |
| Southeast Asians | 0 | 0 | 5 (9.6) | 5 (4.7) |
| Others | 3 (11.2) | 3 (11.2) | 3 (5.8) | 9 (8.5) |
|
| ||||
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 12 (44.4) | 11 (40.7) | 7 (13.5) | 30 (28.3) |
| Hypertension | 15 (55.6) | 13 (48.1) | 8 (15.4) | 36 (34) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 6 (22.2) | 6 (22.2) | 3 (5.8) | 15 (14.2) |
| Renal disease | 3 (11.1) | 2 (7.4) | 2 (3.8) | 7 (6.6) |
| Neurological condition | 6 (22.2) | 1 (3.7) | 0 | 7 (6.6) |
| Respiratory disease | 5 (18.5) | 3 (11.1) | 2 (3.8) | 10 (9.4) |
| Hepatic disease | 4 (14.8) | 2 (7.4) | 2 (3.8) | 8 (7.5) |
| Malignancy | 1 (3.7) | 3 (11.1) | 1 (1.9) | 5 (4.7) |
|
| ||||
| Smoker | 8 (29.6) | 9 (33.3) | 3 (5.8) | 20 (18.9) |
|
| ||||
| Functional status | ||||
| Ambulatory | 20 (74) | 25 (92.6) | 52 (100) | 97 (91.5) |
| Bed bound | 7 (26) | 2 (7.4) | 0 | 9 (8.5) |
|
| ||||
| Source of admission | ||||
| Emergency room | 10 (37) | 11 (40.7) | 48 (92.3) | 69 (65.1) |
| Ward (medical/surgical) | 15 (55.6) | 11 (40.7) | 0 | 26 (24.5) |
| Operation room | 0 | 4 (14.9) | 0 | 4 (3.8) |
| Other hospitals | 2 (7.4) | 1 (3.7) | 4 (7.7) | 7 (6.6) |
|
| ||||
| Admission diagnosis | ||||
| Head trauma | 0 | 0 | 12 (23.1) | 12 (11.3) |
| Polytrauma | 0 | 0 | 39 (75) | 39 (36.8) |
| Respiratory failure | 11 (40.7) | 3 (11.1) | 0 | 14 (13.2) |
| Sepsis | 4 (14.9) | 8 (29.6) | 0 | 12 (11.3) |
| Neurological disease | 10 (37) | 9 (33.3) | 1 (1.9) | 20 (18.9) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 0 | 2 (7.4) | 0 | 2 (1.9) |
| Intra-abdominal disease | 1 (3.7) | 4 (14.8) | 0 | 5 (4.7) |
| Miscellaneous | 1 (3.7) | 1 (3.7) | 0 | 2 (1.9) |
|
| ||||
| SOFA∗ score (mean ± SD) | 7.8 ± 3.0 | 5.7 ± 3.3 | 6.2 ±3.4 | 6.5 ± 3.4 |
|
| ||||
| Duration of mechanical ventilation before developing VAP (mean ± SD) (days) | 17.0 ± 11.9 | 11.4 ± 9.8 | 9.5 ± 6.8 | 11.9 ± 9.5 |
|
| ||||
| Inappropriate antibiotic therapy | 10 (37) | 8 (29.6) | 5 (9.6) | 23 (21.7) |
∗SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.