Table 3. Comparisons of fecal microbiota in the infant subjects by the mode of delivery.

Sampling period	Class/Genus/Species	Microbiota	Vaginal delivery (n=3)		Cesarean section delivery (n=3)		P value*
			Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM
1-3 days
	Class	Bacilli	5.409	4.564	99.441	0.529	<0.001
	Genus	Clostridium	0.547	0.598	0.030	0.053	0.210
		Lactobacillus	0.365	0.190	33.300	33.300	0.817
		Staphylococcus	1.459	0.329	4.430	3.717	0.507
	Species	Bacteroidetes	11.942	19.186	0.003	0.005	0.046
		Uncultured Bifidobacterium	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
		Bifidobacterium longum	0.699	0.699	0.334	0.334	0.796
		Clostridium difficile	0.000	0.000	0.030	0.030	0.317
		Staphylococcus epidermidis	0.729	0.329	33.090	33.090	0.507
1 month
	Class	Bacilli	40.412	38.307	20.858	19.632	0.475
	Genus	Clostridium	0.038	0.065	33.082	57.300	0.423
		Lactobacillus	4.474	2.567	4.154	4.126	0.513
		Staphylococcus	4.430	3.717	0.100	0.060	0.275
	Species	Bacteroidetes	0.408	0.462	1.255	2.174	0.507
		Uncultured Bifidobacterium	0.038	0.019	0.000	0.000	0.026
		Bifidobacterium longum	48.739	18.810	2.297	2.297	0.046
		Clostridium difficile	0.000	0.000	33.020	33.020	0.317
		Staphylococcus epidermidis	3.765	3.450	0.044	0.044	0.246
6 months
	Class	Bacilli	1.583	1.747	0.931	0.788	0.587
	Genus	Clostridium	0.121	0.139	43.236	16.409	0.045
		Lactobacillus	0.037	0.033	0.000	0.000	0.121
		Staphylococcus	0.011	0.006	0.004	0.004	0.246
	Species	Bacteroidetes	0.007	0.007	1.885	3.248	0.376
		Uncultured Bifidobacterium	0.019	0.032	0.004	0.006	0.510
		Bifidobacterium longum	5.203	1.999	0.798	0.278	0.050
		Clostridium difficile	0.093	0.093	19.250	10.017	0.246
		Staphylococcus epidermidis	0.003	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.317

^*Mann-Whitney U test.

SEM, standard error of mean; NA, not applicable.