Table 1.
Risk of suicide during the first psychosis episode (FEP) phases.
Phase | Incidence/epidemiology | Possible risk factors |
---|---|---|
Prodromic phase or emerging psychosis | About 90% of the young people meeting criteria for an at-risk mental state report suicidal ideation (91) | Distress caused by unfamiliar emerging pre-psychotic experiences |
Untreated psychosis (UP-phase) and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) | Most of patients report suicidal risk during this phase, and 25% have already attempted suicide before seeing a psychiatrist. Rate of completed suicides during the UP is very high (92) | The average delay in accessing health-care system during this phase is 1 year. Suicidality is higher when DUP is longer |
Acute psychosis and its treatment (phase) | 11% of suicide attempts in the FEP are associated with hallucinations, fear, shame, stigma, guilt, loss, rejection, and despair (76) | Patient’s hallucinations, fear, shame, stigma, guilt, loss, rejection, and despair |
Post-psychotic recovery (phase) | After an acute episode, 15% of the patients experience high suicidality for the following 18 months (93–96) | Even if the symptoms of psychosis may remit in this phase, neurocognitive deficits may have an impact on studying, working, and recreational activities |