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. 2016 Jun 27;6:27103. doi: 10.1038/srep27103

Figure 5. The Lombard effect occurred in males of O. tormota.

Figure 5

The amplitudes of both ASs and SSCs increased significantly as the level of noise exposure increased from 53 to 83 dB SPL (red: n = 22, 66, 51, and 11 males, respectively, for noise level group of 53, 63, 73, and 83 dB SPL for CF-type ASs; blue: n = 4, 33, 24, and 8 males, respectively, for noise level group of 53, 63, 73, and 83 dB SPL for FM-type ASs; gray: n = 41, 41, 32, and 5 males, respectively, for noise level group of 53, 63, 73, and 83 dB SPL for SSCs; ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05). The results are means + s.e.m. Error bars for the panel indicate s.e.m.