Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016 Apr 26;163:55–63. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.03.019

Table 4.

Substance use and substance-related problems as a function of onset of medical use and nonmedical use of stimulant medication (overall sample, n = 4755)

Model 1
Cigarette
Smoking		 Model 2
Binge
Drinking		 Model 3
Marijuana
Use		 Model 4
Cocaine
Use		 Model 5
Other Drug
Use		 Model 6
Nonmedical
Rx Drug Use		 Model 7
Positive
DAST-10		 Model 8
Positive
CRAFFT
History of Medical Use for
Overall Sample (n = 4755) 		AOR
95% CI		 AOR
95% CI		 AOR
95% CI		 AOR
95% CI		 AOR
95% CI		 AOR
95% CI		 AOR
95% CI		 AOR
95% CI
No history of medical use of
stimulant medication		 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
Early onset of medical use of
stimulant medication		 .851
[.518, 1.39]		 .957
[.540, 1.69]		 .839
[.547, 1.28]		 3.49*
[1.08, 11.21]		 1.61
[.796, 3.28]		 1.00
[.570, 1.78]		 1.29
[.802, 2.08]		 .792
[.494, 1.26]
Late onset of medical use of
stimulant medication		 1.69*
[1.10, 2.58] 		1.24
[.754, 2.03]		 1.72**
[1.19 , 2.48] 		2.29
[.656, 8.02]		 2.94***
[1.59, 5.45] 		1.16
[.687, 1.95]		 1.92**
[1.26, 2.93] 		2.23***
[1.52, 3.26]
Model 9
Cigarette
Smoking		 Model 10
Binge
Drinking		 Model 11
Marijuana
Use		 Model 12
Cocaine
Use		 Model 13
Other Drug
Use		 Model 14
Nonmedical
Rx Drug Use		 Model 15
Positive
DAST-10		 Model 16
Positive
CRAFFT
History of Nonmedical Use for
Overall Sample (n = 4755) 		AOR
95% CI		 AOR
95% CI		 AOR
95% CI		 AOR
95% CI		 AOR
95% CI		 AOR
95% CI		 AOR
95% CI		 AOR
95% CI
No history of nonmedical use of
stimulant medication		 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
Early onset of nonmedical use of
stimulant medication		 15.01***
[8.07, 27.9] 		19.19***
[10.3, 35.8] 		21.30***
[10.7, 42.6] 		135.21***
[61.7, 296.3] 		49.57***
[27.0, 90.7] 		30.99***
[17.1, 55.9] 		33.61***
[17.2, 65.3] 		21.77***
[10.9, 43.2]
Late onset of nonmedical use of
stimulant medication		 20.47***
[12.2, 34.2] 		18.96***
[11.5, 31.3] 		47.12***
[22.3, 99.2] 		27.17***
[10.6, 69.2] 		41.23***
[24.8, 68.4] 		13.80***
[8.67, 21.9] 		31.51***
[18.0, 54.8] 		45.83***
[21.6, 96.9]
*

p<.05,

**

p<.01,

***

p<.001;

AOR=adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI=95% confidence interval.

Notes: Models 1 through 8 control for gender, race, grade level of respondent, highest level of parental education, lifetime ADHD diagnosis, ADHD symptom severity, conduct disorder symptom severity, past-year nonmedical use of stimulant medication, number of waves respondent participated in the SSLS, and wave respondent participated in the SSLS. Models 9 through 16 control for gender, race, grade level of respondent, highest level of parental education, lifetime ADHD diagnosis, ADHD symptom severity, past-year medical use of stimulants, number of waves respondent participated in the SSLS, and wave respondent participated in the SSLS. All variables used in the analyses were time-varying.