Table 1.
Classification of adjuvants on the basis of their modes of action
Class | Adjuvant | Immune response |
---|---|---|
Delivery systems | Liposomes, virosomes | B, Th1, Th2, CTL |
Emulsions: MF59, Montanide | B, Th1, Th2, CTL | |
Saponin based: ISCOMs, QS-21 | B, Th1, CTL | |
Mineral salts: alum, AS04 | B, Th1, Th2 | |
Immunostimulants | TLR ligands: Poly I:C, MPL, GLA, imiquimod, CpG ODN | B, Th1, Th2, NK, CTL |
Saponin based: ISCOMs, QS-21 | B, Th1, CTL | |
Polysaccharides: chitin, chitosan (16), β-glucan | B, Th1, Th2, NK, CTL | |
Combinations | TLR9 + STING ligands: K3 CpG + cGAMP | B, Th1, NK, CTL |
Adjuvant Systems: AS02, AS04, AS15 | B, Th1, Th2 |