Table 2.

Single infections and co-infections with enteric pathogens among asymptomatic and diarrheic children aged below five years in Kunming, southwest China

Single infections
Infections	Dry season		Wet season		Total		OR
	Case	Control	Case	Control	Case	Control
Viruses
RVA	19.8	5.2	15.5	1.7	26.5	5.8	4.3 *
	(16.5 – 23.4)	(1.9 – 1.1)	(11.7 – 20.1)	(0.04 – 9.5)	(23.5 – 29.5)	(2.8 – 10.5)	(2.4 – 9.3)
NoV GII	3.5	2.6	6.1	5.3	4.4	3.5	1.2
	(2.1 – 5.4)	(0.5 – 7.4)	(3.6 – 9.2)	(1.1 – 14.83)	(3.1 – 6.1)	(1.3 – 7.5)	(0.5 – 3.3)
Protozoa
B. hominis	1.3	0.8	6.3	--	3.1	0.5	4.7*
	(0.5 – 262)	(0.02 – 4.7)	(3.9 – 9.6)		(2.1 – 4.5)	(14e-05 – 3.2)	(1.01 – 112)
Cryptosporidium spp.	--	--	0.3	--	0.1	--	0.19
			(8.38e-05 – 1.7)		(2.9e-05 – 0.6)		(0.02 – 14.8)
Co-infections
Virus-Virus
RVA-NoV GII	5.2	--	2.8	3.5	4.4	1.1	3.2
	(3.5 – 7.4)		(1.3 – 5.3)	(0.4 – 12.3)	(3.1 – 6.1)	(0.1 – 4.1)	(0.9 – 21.2)
Bacteria-Virus
DEC- RVA	2.8	--	1.5	--	2.3	--	3.9
	(1.5 – 4.5)		(0.5 – 3.6)		(1.4 – 3.6)		(0.4 – 136.5)
DEC-NoV GII	0.7	--	1.9	--	1.1	--	1.9
	(0.2 – 1.9)		(0.7 – 4.1)		(0.5 – 2.1)		(0.24 – 72.2)

Prevalences at 95 % CIs for single infections and co-infections with enteric pathogens among case (at least five stools/24 h) and control children aged below five years in Kunming, southwest China. Children were sampled during the wet (May to October, n = 371) and dry (November to April, n = 649) seasons. Odd ratios between case (n = 850) and control (n = 170) children were estimated at 95 % CIs. The asterisk (*) indicates statistical differences (calculated using the chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests) in pathogen prevalence between case and control children in both seasons. The “- -” symbol indicates that no cases were detected. Infections with various DEC subtypes (i.e., EAEC, EPEC, EAEC, EHEC, and ETEC) were combined into a single category (DEC). Only co-infections found in at least 10 individuals (1 % of children) have been shown