Fig. 5.

Liver-stage P. vivax colocalization with LC3 and LTR⁺ vesicles increases in response to IFN-γ. (A and B) HC04 cells were infected with P. vivax sporozoites at an MOI of 1, treated with IFN-γ for 4 h, and then processed for confocal microscopy analysis of the colocalization of liver-stage P. vivax (labeled with CSP) and LC3. Data are mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments. At least 100 liver-stage P. vivax parasites were quantified per condition. The results are expressed relative to the full control. (C and D) HC04 cells were infected with P. vivax sporozoites as in A and B and then incubated in complete medium containing LTR to stain acidic compartments in the presence or absence of IFN-γ treatment for 4 h. Cells were then processed for confocal microscopy analysis of the colocalization of liver-stage P. vivax (labeled with CSP) and LTR⁺ vesicles. Data are mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. At least 100 liver-stage P. vivax parasites per condition were quantified. The results are expressed relative to the full control. (E and F) HC04 cells were infected with P. vivax sporozoites at an MOI of 1, treated with IFN-γ for 4 h, and processed for confocal microscopy analysis for the colocalization of the PVM of UIS4-labeled P. vivax and LC3. Data are mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. At least 50 parasites per condition were quantified. The results are expressed relative to the full control. (G and H) HC04 cells were infected with P. vivax sporozoites and then incubated in complete medium containing LTR to stain acidic compartments in the presence or absence of IFN-γ treatment for 4 h. Cells were then processed for confocal microscopy analysis for the colocalization of the UIS4-labeled PVM and LTR⁺ vesicles. Data are mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. At least 50 parasites per condition were quantified. The results are expressed relative to the full control. (Scale bar: 5 µm.)