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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 27.
Published in final edited form as: Mayo Clin Proc. 2014 Mar 29;89(5):662–676. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.01.004

Figure 1. Stages in the Development of Heart Failure.

Figure 1

Adapted from J Am Coll Cardiol7 with permission.

ACE-I= angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB= angiotensin receptor blocker, CAD= coronary artery disease, CRT= cardiac resynchronization therapy, EP= electrophysiology, ICD= implantable cardioverter defibrillator, MCS= mechanical circulatory support