Table I.
Baseline characteristics according to the degree of obesity.
| Obesity | Normal weight (<1.5 SDS) | Kruskal–Wallis χ2 test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Moderate (1.5–3 BMI SDS) | Severe (> 3 SDS) | |||
|
| ||||
| N | 44 | 41 | 17 | |
|
| ||||
| Age (years) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 13.5 (2.4) | 12.9 (2.8) | 4 (2.24) | 0.315 |
| Range | 7.4–18.3 | 8–17.9 | 11–17.8 | |
|
| ||||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 24 (54.5%) | 26 (63.4 %) | 10 (58.8%) | Pearson χ2; p=0.080 |
| Female | 20 (45.5%) | 15 (36.6%) | 7 (41.2%) | |
|
| ||||
| Birth Weight (kg) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.5 (0.6) | 3.3 (0.5) | 3.5 (0.5) | 0.2307 |
| Range | 1.6–4.9 | 2.2–4.7 | 2.4–4.0 | |
|
| ||||
| Age at obesity start (years) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 6.3 (4.6) | 5.5 (4.6) | na | 0.5302 |
| Range | 1–13 | 1–16 | ||
|
| ||||
| FH of T2D | 61% | 51% | NA | Fisher Exact Test; 0.2622 |
|
| ||||
| Waist Circumference (cm) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 97.8 (11.2) | 107.6 (12.3)* | NA | 0.008* |
| Range | 80–120 | 87–131 | ||
|
| ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 29.3 (3.3) | 36.1 (5.2)* | 21.9 (2.9) * | <0.001* |
| Range | 22.5–34.78 | 27.4–50 | 17.6–28 | |
|
| ||||
| BMI SDS | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.3 (0.4) | 3.8 (0.6)* | 0.7 (0.7)* | <0.001* |
| Range | 1.5–2.88 | 3.0–5.6 | −1.3–1.4 | |
|
| ||||
| Puberty | ||||
| Early (T 2–3) | 22 | 22 | 8 | Pearson χ2; 0.8872 |
| Late (T 4–5) | 22 | 19 | 9 | |
|
| ||||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.86 (0.7) | 4.79 (0.65) | 4.82 (0.55) | 0.6300 |
| Range | 2–6.2 | 3.5–6.7 | 3.7–5.9 | |
|
| ||||
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 17.2 (7.4) | 25.2 (20.6)* | 11.9 (6.7)* | 0.004* |
| Range | 5.3–39.7 | 9.5–140.4 | 5.5–29.2 | |
|
| ||||
| HOMA–IR | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.7 (1.7) | 5.4 (4.4)* | 1.7 (0.9)* | 0.01* |
| Range | 0.9–9.0 | 1.9–29.0 | 0.7–3.7 | |
|
| ||||
| CRP (mg/L) | ||||
| N (%) | 32 (72%) | 34 (83%) | 10 (59%) | 0.001* |
| Mean (SD) | 3.1 (1.3) | 6.3 (5.0)* | 3.3 (1.0) | |
| Range | 1.5–6.3 | 1.2–24.8 | 4–2 | |
NA – not available, na – not applicable, SDS – standard deviation score, FH – family history, T2D – type 2 diabetes, HOMA-IR – homeostatic model assessment, CRP – C reactive protein (NV < 3).